What does it mean to mine Ethereum?
Mining is the process of creating a block of transactions to be added to the Ethereum blockchain. Miners essentially process pending transactions and are awarded block rewards in the form of Ether, the Ethereum network's native currency, for each block generated. Generating a block requires intensive computational work (or hashing power) due to the difficulty set by the Ethereum network protocol. This difficulty level is proportional to the total amount of computational power (also known as the total hashrate of the network) being used to mine Ethereum and serves as a way to secure the network from attacks as well as tuning the speed at which blocks (and block rewards) are generated. This system of using hashing power generated by costly computer hardware is known as Proof of Work (PoW).
Who can become a miner on the Ethereum network?
Technically, anyone is able to mine on the Ethereum network using their computer. However, not everyone is able to mine Ether profitably. In most cases, miners must purchase dedicated computer hardware in order to mine profitably. While it is true anyone can run the mining software on their computer, it is unlikely that the average computer would be able to earn enough block rewards to cover the associated costs of mining (See question below for more details).
What are the costs associated with mining?
Potential costs of the hardware necessary to build and maintain a mining rig
Electrical cost of powering the mining rig
If you are mining in a pool, mining pools fees typically charge a flat % fee of each block generated by the pool
Potential cost of equipment to support mining rig (ventilation, energy monitoring, electrical wiring, etc.)
Tax obligations may vary by jurisdiction (For example, block rewards are considered gross income by the IRS)
Mining profitability calculators, such as CoinWarz, CryptoCompare, and EtherScan, can be helpful in determining if you may be able to mine profitably. Note that mining calculators may not 100% accurate and it may be useful to compare and contrast several results.
Block structure
Diagram of an Ethereum Block
A block consists a header, which includes information identifying the block and linking it to the rest of the chain, and a body of transactions. Miners select these transactions to be included in their block from the pending transaction pool based on their own criteria (most commonly by the highest fees paid).
Block times
The Ethereum network is designed to produce a block every 12 seconds. Block times will vary based upon how long it takes miners to generate a hash that meets the required mining difficulty at that moment. 12 seconds was chosen as a time that is as fast as possible, but is at the same time substantially longer than network latency. A 2013 paper by Decker and Wattenhofer in Zurich measured Bitcoin network latency and determined that 12.6 seconds is the time it takes for a new block to propagate to 95% of nodes. The goal of the 12 second design is to allow the network to propagate blocks as fast as possible without causing miners to find a significant number of stale blocks.
Etherscan example explained
All of the following examples are based on this block.
Height:
This number is the current number of blocks that exist in the Ethereum blockchain
Example: 6969122
TimeStamp:
The UNIX timestamp for when the block was collated
Example: 29 secs ago (Dec-28-2018 05:01:54 PM +UTC)
Transactions:
The transactions included in the block
Example: 43 transactions and 91 contract Internal Transactions in this Block
Hash:
The hash of the block itself
Example: 0x1AE846501e5DD1A884F943f3889F6Afc5F1d58E7b94d1c2a9b5415624d2c2b81
Parent Hash:
The hash of the block from which this block was generated, also known as its parent block.
Example: 0x26dB85B6688936a421f518Db7E58821E784f86Ced45852e7d7c2b5a07fda9fe2
Sha3Uncles:
A SHA3 hash of the uncle block data included in the block
Example: 0x9a139491e78ef1E5AD22663ea1AE39BAB2F6CE32948a7413f0a142fd40d49347
Mined By:
The address of who mined the block and received the block reward
Example: 0x7ea928A88D4D5457391b9c893f1142f2CDB41A85 (SparkPool) in 2 secs
Difficulty:
A number that represents the difficulty required to mine this block
Example: 2,511,265,102,818,605
Total Difficulty:
A number that represents the total mining difficulty of the chain up until this block
Example: 8,470,035,190,867,378,349,872
Size:
The size of the block file in bytes
Example: 13160 bytes
Gas Used:
The total amount of gas used by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 7,997,769 (99.97%)
Gas Limit:
The total limit of the amount of gas that could have been used by all transactions included in this block
Example: 8,000,029
Nonce:
A hash of the generated proof-of-work. This value will be null when a block is pending
Example: 0x1510f53c063f9669
Block Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) given to the address which mined this block. This value includes the total block reward issued by the protocol combined with the fees/gas paid by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 3.032755182184797136 Ether (3 + 0.032755182184797136)
Uncles Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) awarded to the uncle blocks included in this block
Example: 0
Extra Data:
This is an optional 32-byte value that can be used for storing information on the blockchain. This field is commonly used by mining pools to "tag" blocks that are mined by their pool.
Example: sparkpool-eth-cn-hz2 (Hex:0xE68f4F90f8E80902c9a6cDa3f17AdC90d78F07bc)
Uncle Blocks
Uncle blocks are stale blocks that are included in the calculation of which chain is the "longest"; that is to say, not just the parent and further ancestors of a block, but also the stale descendants of the block's ancestor (in Ethereum jargon, "uncles") are added to the calculation of which block has the largest total proof of work backing it. Block rewards are given to stales: a stale block receives 87.5% of its base reward, and the nephew that includes the stale block receives the remaining 12.5%. Transaction fees, however, are not awarded to uncles.
Ethereum implements a simplified version of GHOST which only goes down seven levels. Specifically, it is defined as follows:
A block must specify a parent, and it must specify 0 or more uncles
n uncle included in block B must have the following properties:
It must be a direct child of the k-th generation ancestor of B, where 2 <= k <= 7.
It cannot be an ancestor of B
An uncle must be a valid block header, but does not need to be a previously verified or even valid block
An uncle must be different from all uncles included in previous blocks and all other uncles included in the same block (non-double-inclusion)
For every uncle U in block B, the miner of B gets an additional 3.125% added to its coinbase reward and the miner of U gets 93.75% of a standard coinbase reward.
This limited version of GHOST, with uncles includable only up to 7 generations, was used for two reasons. First, unlimited GHOST would include too many complications into the calculation of which uncles for a given block are valid. Second, unlimited GHOST with compensation as used in Ethereum removes the incentive for a miner to mine on the main chain and not the chain of a public attacker.
bitcoin код bitcoin описание Fortunately, since Blockchain technology employs a shared ledger, distributed ledger, or any other decentralized network, the parties can quickly gain answers to these exchange relation queries.Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging.chaindata ethereum bitcoin оплатить взлом bitcoin doge bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin банкнота bitcoin puzzle cryptocurrency law zona bitcoin bitcoin statistics bitcoin spend
100 bitcoin
cz bitcoin кредит bitcoin bitcoin options bitcoin биткоин bitcoin chart криптовалют ethereum bitcoin world advcash bitcoin
roboforex bitcoin monero minergate bitcoin doubler genesis bitcoin bitcoin mine количество bitcoin bitcoin json fork bitcoin bitcoin автомат
cryptocurrency forum bitcoin qt bitcoin japan ru bitcoin bitcoin exe bitcoin википедия
видеокарта bitcoin bitcoin otc bitcoin goldman bitcoin код обвал ethereum bitcoin компьютер ethereum price blockchain ethereum bitcoin reddit bitcoin форумы bitcoin принцип bitcoin прогноз bitcoin эмиссия 0 bitcoin exchange ethereum bitcoin github node bitcoin ethereum info bitcoin приложение bitcoin plugin bitcoin bonus email bitcoin Low electricity consumption - Electricity is the biggest cost of mining.bitcoin код взломать bitcoin casper ethereum обмен tether цена ethereum code bitcoin андроид bitcoin разработчик ethereum tether 2
bitcoin стоимость seed bitcoin майнинг tether bitcoin заработок перевести bitcoin bitcoin 3 bitcoin advcash миксер bitcoin bitcoin удвоить bitcoin moneybox bitcoin auto cubits bitcoin играть bitcoin bitcoin удвоить bitcoin основатель bitcoin рухнул bitcoin компания my ethereum is bitcoin bitcoin status бесплатно bitcoin скрипт bitcoin bitcoin майнеры верификация tether monero cryptonote forum ethereum
транзакции bitcoin bitcoin capital playstation bitcoin bitcoin c
ethereum токены
tether пополнить bitcoin wiki bitcoin пул bitcoin лохотрон konvert bitcoin bitcoin advcash truffle ethereum bitcoin rotators bitcoin заработок bitcoin doge lucky bitcoin ethereum io explorer ethereum перспективы ethereum grayscale bitcoin monero хардфорк transaction bitcoin bitcoin ledger poloniex ethereum bitcoin рубль bitcoin mainer ethereum заработок
программа bitcoin avatrade bitcoin
bitcoin balance bitcoin symbol bitcoin 123 wallpaper bitcoin Aestheticsbitcoin сети
описание bitcoin ethereum chart
titan bitcoin bitcoin sportsbook бот bitcoin polkadot блог email bitcoin bitcoin компьютер торрент bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin программа ethereum платформы ethereum monero fr buy tether краны monero
обновление ethereum ethereum eth bitcoin login bitcoin mixer ethereum wallet bitcoin 1070 ethereum coin cgminer ethereum bitcoin instant download bitcoin
bitcoin update surf bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin обзор bitcoin hunter alliance bitcoin bitcoin desk bitcoin майнер monero xmr cryptocurrency gold cryptocurrency forum bitcoin роботы
why cryptocurrency cz bitcoin love bitcoin pps bitcoin bitcoin machine
system bitcoin ethereum icon программа tether bitcoin ne bitcoin cgminer
remix ethereum casper ethereum bitcoin online remix ethereum ethereum usd ethereum хешрейт metropolis ethereum monero кошелек bitcoin прогноз bitcoin it production cryptocurrency windows bitcoin bitcoin adder bitcoin 15 satoshi bitcoin cryptocurrency charts bitcoin mixer tx bitcoin ethereum news monero asic get bitcoin tether ico ethereum заработок bitcoin puzzle bitcoin москва abi ethereum
bitcoin genesis bitcoin вывод bitcoin traffic monero windows bitcoin книга смысл bitcoin футболка bitcoin linux ethereum bitcoin приложение monero fr ethereum кошельки tp tether стоимость bitcoin bitcoin nonce p2pool bitcoin buying bitcoin
bitcoin loan ethereum вики ethereum torrent ethereum 1070 ethereum developer
bitcoin car bitcoin форумы community bitcoin bitcoin statistics roboforex bitcoin
добыча bitcoin приват24 bitcoin rbc bitcoin
майнеры bitcoin bitcoin girls bitcoin государство currency bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin коллектор комиссия bitcoin кошелька bitcoin monero форум форки bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin государство bitcoin com bitcoin community bitcoin таблица ethereum rub doge bitcoin bitcoin monkey xpub bitcoin bitcoin price протокол bitcoin bitcoin lottery
mining monero рост bitcoin партнерка bitcoin ethereum падает monero ann local ethereum bitcoin store bitcoin analysis
bitcoin описание bitcoin qiwi брокеры bitcoin 1070 ethereum doge bitcoin ico monero bitcoin capital reverse tether payable ethereum продам ethereum Ключевое слово торрент bitcoin ltd bitcoin bitcoin cc cubits bitcoin история bitcoin bitcoin gambling бутерин ethereum bitcoin index bitcoin rt blocks bitcoin topfan bitcoin
сайте bitcoin bitcoin расшифровка
обменник bitcoin bitcoin bank bitcoin hack goldmine bitcoin Ключевое слово разработчик ethereum майнеры bitcoin easy bitcoin ethereum difficulty bux bitcoin circle bitcoin bitcoin click ethereum контракты
sun bitcoin
film bitcoin bitcoin withdrawal bitcoin book india bitcoin
сервер bitcoin bitcoin генератор bitcoin buy хардфорк bitcoin ethereum форки Unfortunately, this means that it is no longer possible to use either CPUs or GPUs anymore as ASICs will always win the race!андроид bitcoin bitcoin wallpaper Namecoin - created in 2010, Namecoin is best described as a decentralized name registration database. In decentralized protocols like Tor, Bitcoin and BitMessage, there needs to be some way of identifying accounts so that other people can interact with them, but in all existing solutions the only kind of identifier available is a pseudorandom hash like bc1qh3q5djgvu8xy286prmd7y8tnwx4fjf8pcsxksk. Ideally, one would like to be able to have an account with a name like 'george'. However, the problem is that if one person can create an account named 'george' then someone else can use the same process to register 'george' for themselves as well and impersonate them. The only solution is a first-to-file paradigm, where the first registerer succeeds and the second fails - a problem perfectly suited for the Bitcoin consensus protocol. Namecoin is the oldest, and most successful, implementation of a name registration system using such an idea.bitcoin help биржа monero обменник monero криптовалюта monero ethereum картинки
настройка ethereum wechat bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar
bitcoin accelerator bitcoin компьютер register bitcoin bitcoin auto security bitcoin ssl bitcoin
bitcoin mastercard chvrches tether ninjatrader bitcoin
bitcoin frog Cryptocurrencies have been compared to Ponzi schemes, pyramid schemes and economic bubbles, such as housing market bubbles. Howard Marks of Oaktree Capital Management stated in 2017 that digital currencies were 'nothing but an unfounded fad (or perhaps even a pyramid scheme), based on a willingness to ascribe value to something that has little or none beyond what people will pay for it', and compared them to the tulip mania (1637), South Sea Bubble (1720), and dot-com bubble (1999). The New Yorker has explained the debate based on interviews with blockchain founders in an article about the 'argument over whether Bitcoin, Ethereum, and the blockchain are transforming the world'.clame bitcoin tether bitcoin marketplace pirates bitcoin bitcoin payza bitcoin миллионеры cryptocurrency bitcoin
ethereum core ethereum сбербанк курс bitcoin double bitcoin wm bitcoin bistler bitcoin
bitcoin markets bitcoin пополнить ethereum рост bitcoin халява
bitcoin блог bitcoin кранов forex bitcoin best bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin суть
кран ethereum convert bitcoin sun bitcoin bitcoin symbol ethereum википедия ethereum pool keys bitcoin сложность ethereum Exchangesbitcoin poker
masternode bitcoin Inform yourselfFirst things first. If you're only interested in owning litecoin, you should probably buy it from an exchange such as Coinbase. If, on the other hand, you want to try your hand at mining litecoin – because you think you have the time and resources necessary to make a profit, because you want to help keep the litecoin network decentralized, or out of a sense of curiosity – this guide will give you a sense of the concepts, an introduction to the vocabulary, and suggestions for further research. Latest release0.17.1.7 / 15 December 2020 (43 days ago)работа bitcoin пример bitcoin When you are shopping for a bitcoin miner the manufacturer will give you all the basic information you need to calculate mining difficulty.statistics bitcoin робот bitcoin casper ethereum монета ethereum bitcoin сервисы обменник tether ethereum заработок bitcoin анализ майнить bitcoin bitcoin конец
карты bitcoin ios bitcoin
pay bitcoin monero algorithm block ethereum
monero asic bitcoin хайпы tx bitcoin пулы bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin inside bitcoin token bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin income кошелька ethereum андроид bitcoin segwit2x bitcoin Choosing a nonce value is the primary objective of miners. They have to find a value that is less than the target value. If they find a value greater than the target, then their mining effort is rejected. But if they can successfully generate a hash value using the nonce that is less than the target value, then their effort is accepted. This is where the entire computational power of the miner is used—to generate the hash value.bitcoin laundering Whatever your view on bitcoin, you can’t ignore the fact that the growth of cryptocurrencies has captured the imagination of an investment community tired of central bank manipulation of monetary assets.sgminer monero bitcoin миллионеры cryptocurrency mining bitcoin фильм кошельки bitcoin bitcoin сложность bitcoin hd matrix bitcoin bitcoin 5 l bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin money wallet cryptocurrency
bitcoin paypal hack bitcoin monero форум bitcoin biz пицца bitcoin шрифт bitcoin настройка monero bitcoin bittorrent dog bitcoin daemon monero bitcoin escrow king bitcoin пузырь bitcoin alpha bitcoin 999 bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin tether валюта ico ethereum ethereum exchange динамика ethereum bitcoin trend tcc bitcoin 16 bitcoin ethereum metropolis кошельки ethereum bitcoin agario apk tether exchange ethereum цена bitcoin bitcoin проверка p2p bitcoin bitcoin girls криптовалюта ethereum
elysium bitcoin кошелек ethereum bitcoin knots bitcoin создатель fee bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum ethereum web3 disk usageобвал ethereum
bitcoin ммвб луна bitcoin ethereum web3 ethereum контракт bitcoin investing coinmarketcap bitcoin
bitcoin blockchain
bitcoin traffic
bitcoin plugin криптовалюта tether
bitcoin вектор monero майнер usa bitcoin зебра bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin анимация ethereum clix bitcoin талк shot bitcoin bitcoin block bitcoin 20 обменники bitcoin форки ethereum bitcoin фарм monero bitcoin лучшие ethereum windows
bitcoin основы bitcoin mining
bitcoin multibit fox bitcoin local ethereum
bitcoin биткоин шифрование bitcoin ethereum supernova nya bitcoin bitcoin dollar ethereum siacoin bitcoin change faucet ethereum siiz bitcoin ethereum кошелька bitcoin demo
bitcoin 999 ann ethereum currency bitcoin рубли bitcoin краны monero air bitcoin escrow bitcoin
bitcoin wm
ethereum инвестинг динамика ethereum система bitcoin bitcoin деньги ads bitcoin scrypt bitcoin bitcoin txid iphone tether bitcoin виджет bitcoin книга ethereum курсы reddit cryptocurrency win bitcoin alpari bitcoin Ethashbitcoin otc gain bitcoin новости bitcoin store bitcoin dapps ethereum
bitcoin даром bitcoin заработок bitcoin расшифровка 99 bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin 5 bitcoin bitcoin xpub халява bitcoin bitcoin millionaire bitcoin com In Ethereum, all smart contracts are stored publicly on every node of the blockchain, which has costs. Being a blockchain means it is secure by design and is an example of a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. The downside is that performance issues arise in that every node is calculating all the smart contracts in real time, resulting in lower speeds. As of January 2016, the Ethereum protocol could process about 25 transactions per second. In comparison, the Visa payment platform processes 45,000 payments per second leading some to question the scalability of Ethereum. On 19 December 2016, Ethereum exceeded one million transactions in a single day for the first time.bitcoin php bitcoin nodes bitcoin scripting ethereum markets usdt tether bitcoin получить bitcoin 1000 bitcoin trezor bitcoin mainer bitcoin перевод bear bitcoin майн bitcoin кошелька ethereum bitcoin зебра flash bitcoin bitcoin rates сделки bitcoin debian bitcoin bitcoin easy pull bitcoin bitcoin avalon скачать tether bitcoin server
bitcoin рулетка
bonus bitcoin rates bitcoin курсы bitcoin падение ethereum
ethereum dag bitcoin click bitcoin майнер keys bitcoin
bitcoin прогноз blogspot bitcoin rbc bitcoin bitcoin symbol adc bitcoin monero bitcointalk сбор bitcoin ethereum address акции ethereum bitcoin dark polkadot ico bitcoin 4000 зарегистрировать bitcoin bitcoin 4096 maps bitcoin neo bitcoin ethereum farm mine bitcoin bitcoin часы
Cold storage resolves this issue by signing the transaction with the private keys in an offline environment. Any transaction initiated online is temporarily transferred to an offline wallet kept on a device such as a USB, CD, hard drive, paper, or offline computer, where it is then digitally signed before it is transmitted to the online network. Because the private key does not come into contact with a server connected online during the signing process, even if an online hacker comes across the transaction, s/he would not be able to access the private key used for it. In exchange for this added security, the process of transferring to and from a cold storage device is somewhat more burdensome than the process for a hot wallet.With this in mind, bitcoin developers have pioneered coloured coins that can act as stock in a company. The ‘color’ of the coin represents information about what ownership rights the private cryptographic key provides.The Great Financializationbitcoin роботы bitcoin motherboard bitcoin daemon fee bitcoin ethereum course doubler bitcoin
monero кошелек bitcoin traffic ethereum swarm зарегистрировать bitcoin криптовалют ethereum баланс bitcoin мастернода bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bitcoin карты ethereum programming проекты bitcoin amazon bitcoin magic bitcoin skrill bitcoin казахстан bitcoin ethereum asic
sberbank bitcoin отследить bitcoin комиссия bitcoin bitcoin государство Like it or not, cryptocurrency is practically everywhere these days and no longer just for day traders and nerds. In fact, many traditional businesses are integrating cryptocurrency into their platforms in some form, or using it as a means to launch other types of products.start bitcoin
tether криптовалюта bitcoin chart фото ethereum bitcoin проблемы bitcoin twitter
ethereum bitcointalk bitcoin rigs
alipay bitcoin 2x bitcoin bitcoin code bitcoin рублях bitcoin москва ethereum контракты добыча bitcoin attack bitcoin putin bitcoin bitcoin flapper
bitcoin get bitcoin миксеры bitcoin linux bitcoin casino txid bitcoin json bitcoin bitcoin com ann monero взлом bitcoin Australiabitcoin start bitcoin otc инструкция bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin wirex bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin аккаунт развод bitcoin locate bitcoin bitcoin hash mac bitcoin cryptocurrency tech трейдинг bitcoin iso bitcoin bitcoin best Travel the world: Because cryptocurrency isn’t tied to a specific country, traveling with crypto can cut down on money exchange fees. There’s already a small but thriving community of self-titled 'crypto nomads' who primarily, or in some cases exclusively, spend crypto when they travel.ann ethereum polkadot ico wirex bitcoin удвоить bitcoin ethereum calculator monero nvidia bitcoin rotators connect bitcoin bitcoin безопасность bitcoin ocean bitcoin 100 ферма ethereum boom bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin poker monero pro bitcoin safe проекта ethereum bitcoin fund
bitcoin сети ethereum акции bitcoin landing ethereum icon bitcoin проблемы bitcoin биткоин car bitcoin bitcoin таблица bitcoin рбк bitcoin steam bitcoin mempool monero bitcointalk
bitcoin обменять space bitcoin ethereum форки ethereum network счет bitcoin займ bitcoin bitcoin fan bitcoin wmx понятие bitcoin bitcoin кликер mining ethereum
bitcoin кредит bitcoin electrum roulette bitcoin debian bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin взлом bitcoin ethereum com ubuntu bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin usb tether chaindata ethereum bitcoin москва 60 bitcoin bitcoin настройка bitcoin 4096 миксер bitcoin блок bitcoin mine monero amd bitcoin remix ethereum
bitcoin коллектор SHA-256ethereum метрополис
bitcoin blue описание bitcoin time bitcoin получение bitcoin монета bitcoin 3.2 Nakamoto consensusоснователь ethereum claymore monero технология bitcoin стоимость monero bitcoin dat bitcoin информация code bitcoin bitcoin cms bitcoin registration обмен tether bitcoin testnet
battle bitcoin
ethereum ubuntu bitcoin проблемы bitcoin машины monero proxy java bitcoin команды bitcoin monero miner bitcoin шахты сигналы bitcoin bitcoin change
bitcoin server
bitcoin usd bitcoin мастернода робот bitcoin майнинг monero bitcoin зебра отследить bitcoin
airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin cgminer bitcoin earn bitcoin 100 bitcoin stellar bitcoin сложность instaforex bitcoin golden bitcoin bitcoin drip blue bitcoin the ethereum lealana bitcoin airbit bitcoin новости ethereum tether tools bitcoin indonesia кредит bitcoin market bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin dump 