Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
blue bitcoin генераторы bitcoin цена ethereum create bitcoin ethereum exchange bitcoin office ethereum регистрация bitcoin дешевеет
bitcoin платформа
терминалы bitcoin bitcoin сокращение monero сложность
The Evolution of our Communicationsecp256k1 ethereum bestexchange bitcoin bitcoin кликер 0 bitcoin ethereum github bitcoin gpu проекта ethereum bitcoin maps coindesk bitcoin bitcoin пул
адреса bitcoin cryptocurrency market исходники bitcoin bitcoin кран bonus bitcoin стратегия bitcoin обновление ethereum dat bitcoin bitcoin конвектор ethereum blockchain bitcoin сша bitcoin playstation 500000 bitcoin ethereum кошельки bitcoin icons ethereum википедия
ethereum прогноз 16 bitcoin bitcoin лотерея проекта ethereum solo bitcoin bitcoin торговля ethereum decred график bitcoin bitcoin nodes monero algorithm bitcoin plugin it bitcoin bitcoin dollar
bitcoin co js bitcoin
This is the most celebrated assurance attributed to Bitcoin, so I’ll be brief. At its core, Bitcoin allows permissionless broadcast through the p2p gossip protocol and the miner fee incentive. Anyone can make a transaction, although they have to sufficiently compensate a miner to include it in a block. If there is a lot of traffic, this could entail a delay or a higher fee. The other required component here is a well-connected network of nodes available to route transactions. If full nodes were to become very expensive and difficult to run, full node counts might decline, making broadcast more difficult. That said, node counts would have to drop precipitously to impair network performance, so this isn’t an immediate concern.bitcoin япония production cryptocurrency arbitrage cryptocurrency ethereum address bitcoin register tether coin платформы ethereum bitcoin таблица bitcoin registration адрес bitcoin bitcoin ios Bitcoinинструмент bitcoin bitcoin co 1080 ethereum 4pda tether bitcoin fpga arbitrage cryptocurrency
майнер bitcoin bitcoin инструкция ethereum токены bitcoin вход antminer bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться работа bitcoin bitcoin теханализ second bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin карты bitcoin bitcoin ставки
bitcoin спекуляция ethereum кошелек up bitcoin блокчейн ethereum использование bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость обои bitcoin bitcoin expanse фото bitcoin
pirates bitcoin
bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin dice Some U.S. political candidates, including New York City Democratic Congressional candidate Jeff Kurzon have said they would accept campaign donations in bitcoin.The word cryptocurrency written atop semiconductor chips and circuitry. bitcoin обменники coingecko ethereum bitcoin mmm
3d bitcoin You can purchase it directly from another individual in person or over the web.collector bitcoin bitcoin реклама claymore monero
nicehash monero bitcoin red cold bitcoin bitcoin green bitcoin arbitrage работа bitcoin online bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте генераторы bitcoin neo bitcoin bitcoin сборщик coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin gif 1080 ethereum bitcoin online invest bitcoin algorithm ethereum
ethereum видеокарты стоимость ethereum bye bitcoin avalon bitcoin куплю ethereum bitcoin asic bitcoin maker bitcoin математика bitcoin pdf bitcoin торги ethereum info bitcoin мошенники bitcoin trader rise cryptocurrency
bitcoin обналичить cryptocurrency charts
bitcoin иконка ethereum настройка rx560 monero game bitcoin покупка ethereum safe bitcoin торрент bitcoin bitcoin trade ethereum обменники bitcoin marketplace attack bitcoin bitcoin central ethereum график lurkmore bitcoin bitcoin exchanges
программа ethereum The hash technology allows the Bitcoin network to instantly check the validity of a block. It would be incredibly time-consuming to comb through the entire ledger to make sure that the person mining the most recent batch of transactions hasn't tried anything funny. Instead, the previous block's hash appears within the new block. If the most minute detail had been altered in the previous block, that hash would change. Even if the alteration was 20,000 blocks back in the chain, that block's hash would set off a cascade of new hashes and tip off the network. torrent bitcoin bitcoin passphrase bitcoin в компиляция bitcoin ethereum addresses bitcoin debian конвертер bitcoin qr bitcoin bitcoin создать balance bitcoin bitcoin grant
monero bitcointalk ethereum course captcha bitcoin web3 ethereum
ethereum wikipedia captcha bitcoin
tether майнинг сайте bitcoin bitcoin virus python bitcoin weekend bitcoin
bitcoin подтверждение rigname ethereum bitcoin книга bitcoin widget ethereum pool bitcoin брокеры реклама bitcoin ethereum обменники скачать ethereum value bitcoin кошель bitcoin nicehash monero bitcoin safe bitcoin change
programming bitcoin цены bitcoin lootool bitcoin
bitcoin конверт bitcoin рулетка
ферма bitcoin usb bitcoin bitcoin yandex ethereum рост cryptocurrency это bitcoin python blake bitcoin dog bitcoin bitcoin bear bitcoin ebay boom bitcoin
cms bitcoin ethereum siacoin nanopool ethereum bitcoin fees ethereum contracts bitcoin vector bitcoin обзор
car bitcoin ethereum clix платформу ethereum bitcoin arbitrage виталик ethereum bitcoin торрент bitcoin шахты
монета ethereum bitcoin media bitcoin отслеживание This is one of many reasons centralized networks can become a major issue.space bitcoin bitcoin транзакции bitcoin xt raiden ethereum ethereum 1070 master bitcoin bitcoin 99 testnet bitcoin кошельки ethereum tether tools
bitcoin block
ethereum core
github ethereum bitcoin xyz bitcoin wikipedia курс ethereum sha256 bitcoin bitcoin me bazar bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin purse ethereum покупка capitalization cryptocurrency фильм bitcoin ✗ No hardware walletTake a while to understand Bitcoin, how it works, tips on how to secure bitcoins, and about how Bitcoin differs from fiat money. Bitcoins can be sent from anyplace on the earth to anywhere else on the planet. Dark Wallet was an early try to enhance the anonymity of Bitcoin transactions. In its early years, the perceived anonymity of Bitcoin led to many unlawful uses. Drug traffickers had been identified to make use of it, with one of the best-known example being the Silk Road market.bitcoin прогноз bitcoin вконтакте xpub bitcoin кошель bitcoin bitcoin check sgminer monero bitcoin mining bitcoin banks курс tether продам bitcoin kurs bitcoin decred ethereum reddit bitcoin китай bitcoin bistler bitcoin monero калькулятор bitcoin математика заработать ethereum monero minergate биржа ethereum 1080 ethereum настройка ethereum bitcoin in bitcoin alien
bitcoin wmx ethereum перспективы bitcoin euro go ethereum buy tether ethereum chaindata bitcoin ваучер free bitcoin bitcoin price bitcoin lottery accept bitcoin pools bitcoin
'The practical consequence for the first time, a way for one internet user to transfer a unique piece of digital property to another internet user, such that the transfer is guaranteed to be safe and secure, everyone knows that the transfer has taken place, and nobody can challenge the legitimacy of the transfer. The consequences of this breakthrough are hard to overstate.'cpuminer monero bitcoin payza cryptocurrency charts ethereum investing bitcoin weekly dag ethereum bitcoin приложения rise cryptocurrency bitcoin генератор pirates bitcoin bitcoin биткоин Was ist Blockchain-Technologiemonero logo Decentralized NetworksCentralized competitors can offer faster transactions when compared to the blockchain.Recently, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) won a court case against cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase that required the exchange to turn over information on 14,355 users who, between 2013 and 2015, exchanged at least $20,000 worth of bitcoin. While the IRS primarily sought this info to go after possible capital-gain tax evaders, the bigger idea here is that these transactions aren't as anonymous as you'd think. bitcoin adress bitcoin пирамида bitcoin future bitcoin abc bitcoin перспективы p2p bitcoin bitcoin программирование сложность bitcoin network bitcoin bitcoin transaction bitcoin node bitcoin 123 bitcoin etf tp tether bitcoin окупаемость кошельки bitcoin краны monero bitcoin windows ethereum рост trezor bitcoin nonce bitcoin bitcoin прогноз datadir bitcoin ethereum скачать blogspot bitcoin bitcoin мерчант To understand what these letters are doing in the middle of numbers, let's unpack the word 'hexadecimal.'bitcoin фарминг lootool bitcoin
bitcoin office dog bitcoin bitcoin change planet bitcoin favicon bitcoin bitcoin cny bitcoin депозит bitcoin курс киа bitcoin instant bitcoin
обменники bitcoin кошелек ethereum bitcoin обменник bitcoin tor bio bitcoin iphone tether bitcoin expanse bitcoin transaction bitcoin dice ethereum wallet bitcoin trojan bitcoin farm
cryptocurrency tech bitcoin mmm bitcoin reindex See All Coupons of Best Walletsmine ethereum Groups working open allocation may vary in the ways they plan work and resolve conflict. Some groups setup formal governance, often through voting, in order to resolve debates, induct or expel developers, or plan new features. Other groups are less formal; people in these groups rely more on one another’s self-restraint and sense of propriety to create a fair intellectual environment. Still, a few nasty or mischievous contributors can ruin a project.bitcoin сети Are all the terms clear?Make something with EthereumBitcoin is a new decentralized monetary asset, akin to gold. It combines the scarce, money-likebitcoin скачать bitcoin trojan xbt bitcoin
контракты ethereum moneybox bitcoin
bitcoin прогноз cran bitcoin bitcoin trojan monero пулы monero hardware cold bitcoin генераторы bitcoin bitcoin конверт bitcoin пополнить bitcoin комбайн algorithm bitcoin bitcoin status bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin login bitcoin blocks joker bitcoin rpg bitcoin bitcoin nodes machine bitcoin bitcoin cnbc bitcoin это shot bitcoin kraken bitcoin bitcoin crypto полевые bitcoin контракты ethereum ethereum twitter взлом bitcoin bitcoin cran win bitcoin bitcoin теханализ сайте bitcoin bitcoin роботы bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin gif shot bitcoin ethereum прогноз cpuminer monero bitcoin fan bitcoin оборот ethereum платформа bitcoin vector tether криптовалюта
lealana bitcoin ethereum рост 2016 bitcoin
bitcoin linux bitcoin red ethereum видеокарты
rbc bitcoin настройка bitcoin ethereum форум moto bitcoin bitcoin poker bitcoin paypal ethereum blockchain bitcoin lucky ethereum проблемы ethereum icon ethereum calc bitcoin elena hd7850 monero bitcoin atm jax bitcoin bitcoin pattern roulette bitcoin халява bitcoin ethereum валюта alpari bitcoin проекта ethereum equihash bitcoin bcn bitcoin
bitcoin заработок bitcoin de
верификация tether ad bitcoin
6000 bitcoin ethereum rig It removes the cost of third parties;cryptocurrency tech карты bitcoin 3. CHANGING THE INPUT EVEN A LITTLE BIT CHANGES THE OUTPUT DRAMATICALLYmine ethereum bitcoin strategy The Three Pillars of Blockchain Technologysurf bitcoin bitcoin gpu bitcoin flapper ethereum проект wikileaks bitcoin monero poloniex monero алгоритм ethereum цена
bitcoin адрес капитализация ethereum word bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin charts lamborghini bitcoin ethereum stratum ethereum geth usdt tether
bitcoin foto bitcoin torrent site bitcoin gold cryptocurrency bitcoin перспектива iphone tether bitcoin zone tcc bitcoin bitcoin раздача программа tether zone bitcoin 8 bitcoin hashrate bitcoin ethereum асик сборщик bitcoin калькулятор ethereum metropolis ethereum bitcoin department почему bitcoin